5/16/2023 0 Comments Chapter 8 metabolism coursenotes![]() After digestive processes break polysaccharides down into monosaccharides, including glucose, the monosaccharides are transported across the wall of the small intestine and into the circulatory system, which transports them to the liver. ![]() Glucose is the body’s most readily available source of energy. Cellular respiration oxidizes glucose molecules through glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP. This section will focus first on glycolysis, a process where the monosaccharide glucose is oxidized, releasing the energy stored in its bonds to produce ATP. Once the absorbed monosaccharides are transported to the tissues, the process of cellular respiration begins (Figure 1). Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with the action of salivary amylase on starches and ends with monosaccharides being absorbed across the epithelium of the small intestine. ![]() Polysaccharides serve as energy storage (e.g., starch and glycogen) and as structural components (e.g., chitin in insects and cellulose in plants).ĭuring digestion, carbohydrates are broken down into simple, soluble sugars that can be transported across the intestinal wall into the circulatory system to be transported throughout the body. The complex sugars are also called polysaccharides and are made of multiple monosaccharide molecules. Glucose and fructose are examples of simple sugars, and starch, glycogen, and cellulose are all examples of complex sugars. The family of carbohydrates includes both simple and complex sugars. Summarize the process of gluconeogenesisĬarbohydrates are organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.Describe the process of ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation.Explain the transport of electrons through the electron transport chain.Describe the pathway of a pyruvate molecule through the Krebs cycle.Oxidative Phosphorylation and the Electron Transport Chainīy the end of this section, you will be able to:.Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle/Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle.
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